The relationship between foot, last and shoe

To engage in the research of any thing, there must be certain basic principles, so that there will be results from the point to the surface. With the results, there will be achievements. The three are independent and unified. Engaging in shoe-making design must start from the feet. From shoe last to how to make shoes into three stages, and further comprehensive understanding of human body structure and kinematic function, is the most basic and minimum condition for shoemaking, in order to make shoes with fashionable structure and comfortable wearing. In addition In addition, a pair of fashionable, beautiful and comfortable shoes, the shape of parts and various main and auxiliary materials must be combined in a certain order in accordance with the design and manufacturing principles, so that they can exert their excellent functions and be durable.

Second, the relationship between the structure of the foot and the shoe:

    The foot is the protective unit of the shoe, and it is also the ultimate goal of making the shoe. In order to protect the foot from injury and ensure its motor function, it is necessary to understand the structure, physiology, pathology, motor function and shape of the relevant foot. They interact with each other, and then design and develop a popular shoe last, and design a popular, comfortable and durable shoe based on it.

1, The structure of the feet:

   The foot is a shoe-making reference entity composed of bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves and other tissues.

A, the name of the bone:

   The bones of the human foot are composed of 26 bones of different sizes plus two ankle bones, making a total of 28 bones. The names of the main bones from front to back are: phalanx, metatarsal, cuneiform, cuboid, navicular , talus, calcaneus, tibia, fibula, etc.

B, the name of the muscle:

   Muscles are divided into: front end group, outer end group, posterior surface group, rear lower surface group,

C, Arch of the foot: The arch of the foot has plantar toe arch, outer longitudinal arch, inner longitudinal arch, and transverse arch.

D, the skin and physiological functions of the feet:

   The skin of the foot is the covering of the outer layer of the foot. The skin is divided into three layers: the epidermis, the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue. There are nerve endings, blood vessels, sweat glands and hair follicles under the dermis. It is the same as other parts of the skin. Its function is to keep the feet free. External aggression also includes sweat secretion, water evaporation in the human body, respiration, temperature regulation and acceptance of various external stimuli.

1). Sweat secretion and water evaporation:

   The distribution of sweat glands is uneven, with 300-500 on the soles of the feet and 130-200 on the insteps.

   Sweat is a colorless liquid with a salty taste, and its water content is about 98%. There are also inorganic substances such as sodium chloride and sulfur, uric acid, urea, fat protein, non-volatile fatty acids and other organic substances. These organic substances are easy to decompose under the action of bacteria. It is irritating to the skin and has a corrosive effect on socks and shoes. The evaporation rate of water at rest is 0.5-1.6G/T, the medium load is 1.8-3.2G/T, and the heavy load is 6-12G/T. Our AUPS The anti-bacterial cloth has this protective effect.

2). Breathing: As the ambient temperature increases, the emission of carbon dioxide also increases, (0.5MM/T when the temperature reaches 32 degrees,

      38.5 degrees up to 1.2MM/T,

3), body temperature regulation: the body emits most of the external temperature through the skin, and the instep is 1-1.5 degrees higher than the palm surface. And the calf is higher than the foot

3-7 degrees higher, when the outside temperature drops, when the temperature on the surface of the feet drops to 12-15 degrees, it will easily lead to a cold, and when the air temperature is below 10 degrees, immersing in water for a long time will cause frostbite.

     In short: when designing shoes (especially sports shoes), factors such as heat retention, heat insulation, air permeability and moisture absorption of the shoes should be considered, such as golf football shoes, to ensure the normal function of the feet in the shoes and make the feet comfortable , to choose a last that fits the shoe shape and a reasonably designed surface so that the shoe does not press the foot. It will not cause pain and numbness, and it will not cause frostbite in winter.